The 24-year-old joins the Magpies from Atlanta United and has signed a five-and-a-half-year contract at St. James’ Park.
Charnley said: "I’m delighted to bring Miguel to Newcastle United.
"He is a player who Rafa has wanted for a year and I appreciate he has had to wait longer than he would have liked. I would like to thank Rafa for his patience in waiting for a player he has coveted for so long.
"Given Miguel’s performances both in MLS and for his country, it was a question of when Atlanta United were prepared to sell him and, when they were, achieving a deal that made financial sense for us.
"I would like to thank Darren Eales at Atlanta United for his cooperation and the manner in which he has conducted negotiations.
"I would also like to give credit to Steve Nickson and his recruitment staff for their valuable contribution in this process."