Serbia were beaten 2-0 by Brazil in Moscow on Wednesday evening, leaving Mladen Krstajić's side in third place in Group E.
Mitrović played 89 minutes for his country at Spartak Stadium and despite twice going close, he couldn't add to his tournament goalscoring tally after netting in the previous game against Switzerland.
Brazil progress to the last 16 as group winners and will face Group F runners-up Mexico in Samara on 2nd July, while second-place Switzerland - who drew 2-2 with Costa Rica - will take on Sweden in Saint Petersburg on 3rd July.