Defender Williams, 20, made 33 appearances for United’s Under-23s last term, and figured in the young Magpies’ 3-0 pre-season friendly win at the International Stadium a fortnight ago.
In joining the Heed, he follows in the footsteps of teammates Liam Gibson, Tom Heardman and Brendan Pearson, all of whom have spent time on loan on the opposite side of the River Tyne in recent seasons.
Neil Aspin’s side take on Guiseley at the International Stadium this evening.