The Wilmslow-born 21-year-old signed for the Magpies last summer after leaving Bolton Wanderers, making 20 appearances in all competitions for United's under-23 side before the Premier League 2 campaign was curtailed in March.
He was nominated for the Premier League's Under-23 Save of the Season for a superb fingertip stop in a Premier League International Cup tie against Benfica last November, and has trained with Steve Bruce's first team on several occasions.
Turner, who has been capped by England at under-18 and under-19 level, had successful loan spells with Stalybridge Celtic and Darlington during his time with Bolton.
However, although he played twice for Newcastle in the Leasing.com Trophy last term, he has yet to make his Football League bow.
Morecambe, who finished 22nd in League Two last season, reported back for pre-season training earlier this week.