The England international missed the New Year's Day defeat at Liverpool with a groin injury, but has recovered in time for the FA Cup third round tie - United's first visit to Wearside in more than eight years.
He will wear the captain's armband, while Miguel Almirón also comes into Eddie Howe's XI, with Tino Livramento and Lewis Miley dropping to the bench.
There are five Geordies in the squad, plus boyhood Magpies fan Lewis Hall.
Martin Dúbravka continues in goal, with Trippier, Fabian Schär, Sven Botman and Blyth-born Dan Burn making up the defence.
Joelinton moves into midfield alongside Bruno Guimarães and Newcastle-born Sean Longstaff, while Almirón and Anthony Gordon support Alexander Isak in attack.
On the bench are Stanley-born teenager Miley, Livramento, Hall, Jamaal Lascelles, Emil Krafth, Newcastle-born Paul Dummett, Matt Ritchie and Durham-born youngster Ben Parkinson, with Loris Karius the back-up goalkeeper.
Newcastle United: Martin Dúbravka, Kieran Trippier (c), Fabian Schär, Sven Botman, Dan Burn, Bruno Guimarães, Sean Longstaff, Joelinton, Miguel Almirón, Anthony Gordon, Alexander Isak
Subs not used: Loris Karius, Tino Livramento, Emil Krafth, Paul Dummett, Lewis Hall, Jamaal Lascelles, Matt Ritchie, Lewis Miley, Ben Parkinson