Midfielder Mohamed Diamé's current contract is set to expire at the end of June.
The former Senegal international joined the Magpies in summer 2016 and has made 103 appearances in all competitions, scoring eight goals.
Cal Roberts - who scored in his only first team appearance last season, the 4-2 Emirates FA Cup win at Blackburn - will leave the club when his contract expires at the end of this month.
The 22-year-old winger, who has won two caps for England at under-20 level, was a regular for United's under-23s last season and also spent time on loan with Colchester United. His only other Magpies appearance came in a cup tie at Leicester in January 2015.
Also departing will be defender Josef Yarney, who featured for the first team last pre-season before joining Morecambe then Chesterfield on loan.
Tyrique Bartlett, Juanito, Otto Huuhtanen and Stefan O'Connor, as well as scholars Max Allen, Thomas Cole, Sam Joyce and Deece Kasinga Madia, will also leave St. James' Park.
New deals have been offered to Tom Allan, Owen Bailey, Daniel Barlaser, Lewis Cass, Liam Gibson, Nathan Harker, Mo Sangare and Oliver Walters, and to second-year scholars Ryan Barrett, Dan Langley and Jack Young.
Manager Rafa Benítez said: "I would like to say thank you to all the players leaving the club this summer.
"Mo has been a great servant to Newcastle United in his three years here. He has given us a lot on and off the pitch and we wish him well for the future.
"The players from the Academy have also given their best to the club over many years. We thank each of them and wish them good luck with the next step in their career."