The 20-year-old, who stands at 6ft 7ins tall and was named on the bench for December's Premier League win over West Bromwich Albion, has put pen to paper on a two-year extension at St. James' Park.
He had signed his first professional deal in the summer of 2019 and now regularly trains with senior goalkeepers Martin Dúbravka, Karl Darlow and Mark Gillespie.
A boyhood Newcastle fan who attended St. Benet-Biscop Catholic Academy in Bedlington, Langley's grandfather, Dave Crane, was himself a young goalkeeper with the Magpies.
Langley told NUFC TV: "It's really exciting to be able to sign a new deal, and really pleasing the club have decided to offer me a new deal and help me continue my journey in football."
He added: "I need to try to play as much football as I can - here, ideally, but it's hard to try to break in when you've got the likes of Karl Darlow and Martin Dúbravka. So maybe a loan somewhere, try to get as many first team games as possible, and then eventually come back and progress in the Newcastle ranks - and end up being the number one, hopefully."