The winger made his fifth start for Steve Bruce's side at the University of Bolton Stadium and, after Steven Fletcher had given Wednesday the lead, Aarons doubled their advantage in the 59th minute.
He raced onto a pass from Adam Reach and finished emphatically, with boss Bruce telling his club's official website: "We came out for the second half with that extra bit of confidence and it showed, because young Aarons hits a super strike and I'm delighted for him."
Aarons was replaced by Liam Palmer in the 87th minute. Achraf Lazaar is recovering from a hamstring injury.
In League One, Daniel Barlaser played the full game and was booked as Accrington Stanley recorded an excellent 3-1 victory at Wycombe Wanderers. Liam Gibson wasn't involved.
Cal Roberts was an unused substitute as Colchester United were beaten 3-0 by Forest Green in League Two while Josef Yarney played the full game for Chesterfield as they drew 3-3 with Bromley in National League North.
Meanwhile Elias Sørensen didn't feature for Blackpool in their 1-1 draw with Doncaster - a side he'd scored against for Newcastle's under-21s in the Checkatrade Trophy this term - and Jamie Sterry played no part in Crewe Alexandra's 0-0 draw at Cambridge United.
Jack Colback, Dwight Gayle and Jacob Murphy could all feature for their respective clubs in Wednesday night's Championship games, with Nottingham Forest at home to Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion - who parted company with manager Darren Moore at the weekend - taking on Swansea City.