The 21-year-old shot-stopper, who joined United's Academy at the age of 16, following a successful trial, made his first-team debut for his boyhood club during a pre-season friendly against York City in July 2021 before making another appearance in-between the sticks away at Doncaster Rovers.
The Northumberland-born goalkeeper was also named on the bench for the first time in a competitive first-team fixture during the Magpies' 2-1 Premier League victory against West Bromwich Albion in December 2020.
Still awaiting his senior competitive debut, Langley - who stands at 6ft 7ins - has been allowed to join the Heed, currently managed by former Magpies defender Mike Williamson, to add to his experience.
Last term, Gateshead won promotion to the National League - the fifth tier of English football - after lifting the National League North title.