Cameron, who can play at centre half or left back, has linked up with the Doonhamers, and will remain at Palmerston Park until the summer.
The 21-year-old is a Scotland Under-21 international, and was part of the young Magpies side who competed in the Checkatrade Trophy earlier this season.
He has spent time out on loan at Workington, York City and Newport County, making a total of 33 senior appearances, scoring twice.
Queen of the South, who are managed by former Everton full back Gary Naysmith, currently sit fifth in the Scottish Championship table, three points shy of a play-off place.